IPA 10.02.12

From the articles of the confederation to C., presidency had a minor role in comparison to the Congress. Now, with the Great depression and all the economic crisis, things changed. He was a Chief executive clerk up to the 1930's. The role shifted a little bit due to economic depressions. Then , the Congress played a minor role even though it was still very important, a strong legislation.

The way congress set up :

2 chambers with the Senate it has a hundred members coming from 2 delegates from each state and each delegate has a term of 6 years. Every 2 years, one third of the governate senate body goes to election or reelection. Since 1930, a law was passed ( 17^th admendment), senate would be elected by the public. In the other chamber, house of representatives, 435 members and it is based on population.Every 2 years, there are elections but there are not overlapping elections. To be in the house of rep : 25 years, live in the state you represent, citizen naturalized for at leats 7 years or native born american. Within this house , there are 3 additional delegates : American samoa, US virgin islands, district of columbia : They wcan participate but they have no vote but these delegates can work on commitees and subcommitees and there, they have a vote. In 1929, there was the reapportionment Act. Every year the population increases or decreases in the State. Every 10 years, there is a census. This action is Gerrymandering ( mandering : salamander, reptilian activity). Within the house of representatives, there is the speaker of the house = Representative John Boehner. He's chosen by the majority party. The speaker how to preside fairly. Nancy polocy : first woman as a speaker. The presiding officer : president pro tempore : Daniel Inouye. It's an honorary position, the person chosen has the longest service record for the majority party. Both houses have majority leaders that elect people called Luhips. He's a communication agent. And he does eveything to be everyone to be represented.

Powers that Congress has based on Constitution.

It has enumerated and listed powers : Most of these powers are article 1 section 8 and 9. The elastic clause ( implied powers)

commitees and subcommitees :

carry out the business of passing laws etc...clarify issues.

Commitees :

• select : provide infirmations to toher commitees.
• Joint : senate lembers and hosue memlbers, they do not propose legisltations
• standing : permanent, they have hearingsnwith executive agencies.

Some are temporary and noramlly, they discuss and analyse some issues.

For senators, each one has the duty to serve on a commitee but many will serve on 3 or 4.

appropriations commitee : regulates spending of the gov, foreign relations. generally, Two senators from the same part and the same party, they cannot be on the same commitee. A senator who was doctor before can be in the commitee for health logically. He's an expert.

Commitee : groups and not made of political party.

How a bill is made into a law ?

Present a bill : only member of congress

executive department has many agencies : suggestions to congress to pass a law !!

bill presented and sent to a righ commitee to be investigated. Is going to interpret the bill in a correct manner.

If a bill then, is deemed there are hearings of other bureaucrats or individual public audience to advice. Restructure the bill

approved by the majority of the commitee ( and subcommitee) then there is a report written it goes to the congress and there is a vote.

Then vote of the senate, the man presents the bill in an undefined time. ( Mostyer smith goes to washington). It can go back up to the commitee.

Roll call = one type of vote

voice vote = pther type

last type = standing vote

lobbyists